Biography of Prophet Muhammad/the Holy Prophet

 

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lecturer: Ismail Ibn Musa Menk

Biography of Prophet Muhammad SAW

Allah Ta'ala has sent prophets and messengers throughout the ages to guide people. They themselves obeyed the orders of Allah and taught people by hand and pen. They were great ideal teachers of people. Prophets have good character. They were truthful, sincere and innocent. They were kind and compassionate. They have worked for the welfare of people all their lives. They have made unlimited sacrifices in spreading the religion of Allah Ta'ala. Many prophets and messengers have come to the world. Among them, the first prophet is Hazrat Adam (peace be upon him) and the last and greatest prophet is Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him). Biography of Prophet Muhammad SAW. It is essential for every Muslim to know what the biography or lifestyle of the Prophet Muhammad was like?

Arab situation:-

At the time of the birth of the Holy Prophet, the people of Arabia were engaged in various sins. They indulged in fights, quarrels, quarrels, wars, thefts, robberies, murders, looting, gambling, etc. Forgetting the one God, they made idols of various gods and goddesses and worshiped them. They filled the Holy Kaaba with idols. They installed 360 idols in the Kaaba courtyard. People were bought and sold like goods in the market. The masters used to torture the slaves inhumanely. Women had no respect or rights in the family and society. At that time, the birth of a girl child was very humiliating for the parents. 

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Girl children were brutally buried alive. Their behavior was barbaric and inhumane. At this time there was no security for people's lives. Alcoholism, gambling, usury, and adultery were the daily affairs of the people of that time. They were immersed in the abyss of superstition and sinful corruption. This period is called Ayame Jahiliyyah or the Age of Ignorance. In the extreme distress of humanity, Allah Almighty sent his friend, the best human being, Hazrat Muhammad SAW, as a messenger of peace to the world of humanity. To guide people to the path of truth, beauty and justice.

The birth and identity of the Holy Prophet

The Holy Prophet Muhammad SAW was born in the famous Quraish clan of Makkah on the 20th of April and the 12th of Rabiul Awal month of 570 AD. His father's name is Abdullah, mother's name is Amina. His grandfather's name was Abdul Muttalib. He was named Mohammad and Ahmad after birth. His father Abdullah died before his birth.

Childhood and adolescence of the Holy Prophet

After the birth of the Holy Prophet Muhammad SAW, uncle Abu Talib's maid Sueba nurtured him with maternal love. He was then brought up by Halima, a Bedouin woman from the Banu Saad tribe, as was the custom of the then-noble Quraish clan. Although Soeba only raised her for a short time, she was grateful to the first nurse and her family. Even after a long time he inquired about them and gave gifts. For five years, Bibi Halima raised the child Muhammad as her own child. At this time, a unique example of justice and sacrifice emerges in the character of the child Muhammad. He used to drink milk from one of Halima's breasts. The other milk would be left for brother Abdullah. He learned pure Arabic from a Bedouin family and enjoyed good health in the open environment of the desert. At the age of five, he returned to his mother Amina. Mother started nurturing him with affection. But his mother's love did not last long on his forehead. His mother died when he was six years old. This time he lost both his parents and became an orphan. After that, he was brought up with the love of his grandfather Abdul Muttalib. But his grandfather also died when he was eight years old. Then he grew up under the shelter of uncle Abu Talib. Abu Talib's financial condition was not good. 

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Kishore Mohammad was the Karmath. He didn't like the size too. He used to help his uncle's poor family in various ways. He grazed goats and sheep with shepherds for extra income. He was ideal for a shepherd boy. He used to maintain cordial harmony with them. He played the role of the judge in case of quarrels between shepherds. He also helped his uncle in his business. He once went to Syria with his uncle on business. During this time he met a priest named Bahira. Outsiders described him as a remarkable boy and prophesied him to be the last prophet. He warned Abu Taleb about him. Because enemies can harm him.

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After returning from Syria, the boy Muhammad S. Fiza was shocked to witness the horrors of the war. The battle was fought over gambling at the Okaz fair. The tribe of Qays unjustly blamed the war on the Quraish. That's why it's called Harbul Fizr or Unrighteous Samar. This war continued for 5 years. Many people were injured and killed. Seeing the terrible and pitiful scenes of war, his tender heart trembled at the cries of the wounded. He became restless.

He formed an organization called "Hillful Fujul" with his pacifist enthusiastic young friends. The purpose of this association was to serve the people, resist the oppressor, help the oppressed, establish peace and order and maintain harmony among the tribes, etc. He was very successful in his endeavors. Inspired by the ideals of the Shanti Sangh of those days, even today our youth and young society can engage themselves in such noble work.

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Already the reputation of Muhammad SAW as a truthful, prudent, faithful, benevolent, peace-loving young man spread around. All in turn bestowed upon him the title of "As Sadiq" or the Truthful, Al-Alamin meaning the Faithful. He started depositing wealth with him.

Hazar Aswad set up

The Quraish took up the work of renovating the old Kaaba built a long time ago. As usual, they renovated the Kaaba, but there was a dispute over the installation of black stone in the holy shrine. Every tribe wanted to have the honor of placing this stone on the wall of the Kaaba. The clothes of war fell off. Finally, according to the proposal of Umayya bin Mughira, the oldest tribe chief, it was decided that the dispute would be settled on the first person to come to the Kaaba tomorrow. Everyone will accept his decision. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was the first to enter the Kaaba. Everyone shouted with joy, Alamin is coming. We will be satisfied with that, the correct settlement. Muhammad spread a bed sheet. Then he put the stone in his hand on the sheet. The tribe called the merchants and asked them to grab the sheet, they grabbed it and carried it to the right place. Muhammad SAW placed the stone on the wall of the Kaaba with his own hands. All survived an inevitable war. Everyone was happy to have the honor of lifting the stone. Peace and order are established in society if discretion and impartiality are adopted in judgment. Many unavoidable conflicts are avoided.

Hadhrat Khadija took responsibility for the business and got married

In those days there was a famously rich and witty woman in Arabia. Her name is Khadija. He was looking for a trusted prudent man to look after his huge business. Hearing the reputation of the beautiful character of Hazrat Muhammad. He entrusted him with the duties of a businessman. Hadhrat Muhammad SAW went to Syria in charge of Khadija's business. Khadija's trusted servant Maisara was also there. He returned to Makkah with unexpected profits in business. Khadija was very impressed by hearing about the honesty, prudence and efficiency of Hazrat Muhammad SAW near Maisara. He proposed his marriage to her. Muhammad's uncle Abu Talib made all the arrangements for Khadijah's marriage with Prophet Muhammad. The happy marriage is complete. At that time, Muhammad was 25 years old and Khadija was 40 years old. Their married life was happy. Hazrat Khadija did not marry any other while she was alive. After marriage, Khadija became the owner of a lot of wealth due to her sincerity. But he did not spend this wealth on comfort and luxury, he spent it tirelessly on the service of the poor and the afflicted.

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Prophethood of Muhammad

Hazrat Muhammad SAW thought of peace for the liberation of people from his childhood. As he grew older, his thoughts deepened. All his thoughts are for the emancipation of people burdened with idolatry and superstition and suffering. Man will forget his Creator. It is not to bow down before a hand-made idol. What can be done, how to awaken the thought of God in the hearts of people. How to free them from Kufr, Shirk. Immersed in the thought of all these things. Three miles from home, in solitude used to meditate in solitude in a cave on Mount Hera. Sometimes he would meditate there for 3 days at a time. After meditating for a long time, at the age of 40, he became enlightened in the cave of Adhar on the night of Qadr in the month of Ramadan. Allah's angel Jibreel Alais Salam came with the great message of Allah, targeting the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and said, read 'Iqra'. He recited the first 5 verses of Surah Al-Alak to the Holy Prophet.

اقرا بسم ربك الذهي خلق (١) خلق الانسان من علق (٢) اقرا وربك الاكرم(٣) الذهي علم بالقلم (٤) علم الانسان مالم للمع (٥)

Translation:-

1. Recite in the name of your Lord who created.

2. Who created man from matter.

3. Recite, your Lord is Exalted.

4. He taught with the help of a pen.

5. He taught people what he did not know.

(Surah Al-Alak, Verses 1-5)

Prophet returned home and revealed all the events to Khadijah and said, "Tell me." I fear for my life. Then Khadija comforted the Prophet and said, "No, never." By God! He will never harm you. Because you treat relatives well. Help the oppressed and distressed. Takes care of guest services and helps in natural disasters. Hazrat Khadijah's statement proves that before Prophethood, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) practiced human virtues with devotion and sincerity. He was engaged in the service of humanity. Even among the barbaric Arabs, he lived a pure and beautiful life. He was a role model for all mankind.

Propagation of the religion of Hazrat Muhammad

After attaining prophethood, Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) began to invite his close relatives to the secret faith at the command of Allah. Hazrat Khadija was the first to accept Islam in his dua, his partner in happiness and sorrow. After that Hazrat Ali RA Hazrat Zayd Ibn Haresa RA who belonged to their family accepted Islam. Hazrat Abu Bakr RA was the first to accept Islam outside the family and among the elderly. He was a close friend of the Prophet. After receiving the instructions of Allah Ta'ala, he began to publicly invite Islam. At this, the idolater started his fierce opposition. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) and his Companions continued to be subjected to unspeakable torture. They began to tempt the Holy Prophet. Leadership and wealth are offered. The Prophet (peace be upon him) clearly informed them, I brought the sun in one hand and the moon in the other. I will not stop preaching the truth. He said, There is no god but Allah. He alone should be worshipped. He is unique. He has no partners. He also said that gods and goddesses made by your hands have no power. They have no power to do good or bad. The sky, the earth, the moon, the sun, the planets, and the stars are all owned by Allah alone. He is the creator and sustainer of everything. He owns our life and death. So they are the only ones to obey and worship. He also said, "You return to the path of truth, justice and beauty. Theft, robbery, witchcraft, gambling, adultery, and false propaganda are sins." So avoid them. Do not do injustice to anyone. Do not kill anyone unjustly. Don't take someone's property wrongfully. Do not oppress anyone.

The Holy Prophet also explained that your life in this world is not the end. There is another life after death, you call it the afterlife. And that life is eternal. All the good and bad deeds of the world must be accounted for in the court of Allah in the Hereafter. In the life of this world, those who obey Allah and the Messenger, and do good deeds, will be freed in the Hereafter. You will get paradise, the place of eternal happiness. And those who disobey Allah and the Messenger, and do evil deeds, they will be thrown into Hell, a place of extreme punishment.

Hazrat Muhammad SAW traveled to Taif to preach Islam

In the tenth year of Prophethood, the beloved wife of the Holy Prophet, Hazrat Khadija and her uncle Abu Taleb passed away. He was overwhelmed with grief. He continued to preach religion in the face of unlimited happiness and persecution of infidels. He went to Taif to preach the religion, somehow disillusioned with the people of Makkah. The people there not only accepted Islam, but they stoned the holy body of the Holy Prophet, leaving it bruised and bloody. The Holy Prophet did not pray for the people of Taif at that time. Instead, he asked Allah for forgiveness for them. Instances of such forgiveness are rare in history.

Visiting Hazrat Muhammad SAW Meraj

He was deeply shocked and saddened by the endless torture of the infidels of Makkah and the ill-treatment of the people of Taif. Then Allah took him to Himself. He went to Meraj. He was blessed by God. On the 27th day of Rajab, the eleventh month of Prophethood, Allah took the Holy Prophet (PBUH) from Masjid Haram to Baitul Muqaddas and from there on the upward journey, called Meraj. During this journey, he came into the presence of previous prophets at Baitul Muqaddas and led them in prayer. From there he crossed the seven heavens and got the sight of Allah Ta'ala. He received instructions from Allah to pray five times a day. Miraj is a significant event in the life of the Holy Prophet. In this, he was energized with new motivation and continued to preach the religion with full enthusiasm. This tour visits Jannat Jahannam. Gained a lot of practical experience.

Madinah Hijrat of Hazrat Muhammad SAW

During the Hajj season in 621 AD, a group of 12 people came to Makkah from Madinah and secretly met the Holy Prophet and accepted Islam. Later, a group of 75 people including two women from Madinah and Aqaba embraced Islam at the hands of the Holy Prophet. They urged the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and his Companions to migrate to Madinah and promised to provide all kinds of help and support. When the level of opposition and persecution of the infidels in Makkah increased and the spread of Islam was hindered, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) ordered the Companions to migrate to Madinah and himself waited for God's order.

The Prophet's deep trust and unwavering faith in Allah

The infidels saw that the Muslims were leaving Makkah and moving to a safe place, and the Prophet may leave the country at some point. Their prey will be missed. All the tribes collectively decided to kill Prophet Muhammad. One night they besieged the Prophet's house and waited to kill him. Allah Ta'ala informed the Prophet about the plot of the infidels and ordered him to migrate to Madinah. Hijrat means emigration. The Holy Prophet left for Madinah with Hazrat Abu Bakr. The Holy Prophet left Hazrat Ali in his house to return the collected wealth to the owners. The infidels were furious when they entered the house and did not find the Prophet and found Ali in his bed. But they were ashamed to see the trust of the Prophet. The Holy Prophet and Abu Bakr Siddique advanced some distance and took refuge in the cave of Saor Hill in Makkah. The disbelievers appeared at the mouth of the cave in search of them. Hazrat Abu Bakr RA was disturbed by the movement of the infidels at the mouth of the cave. The Holy Prophet said, Abu Bakr, do not worry, Allah is with us. After staying in the cave for three days, the Holy Prophet reached Medina on September 24, 622 AD. The people of Madinah received the Holy Prophet with great eagerness and love. A flood of joy flowed from house to house in Medina. Prophet's migration is an important event in the history of Islam. Through this, Islam gained new strength. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) bound Mujahid and Ansar in brotherhood. Mohajir means emigrant. Those who migrated from Makkah to Madinah are called Muhajirs. And those who gave refuge and help to the Muhajirs in Madinah are the Ansar. Ansar means helper.

Constitution of Medina

The Holy Prophet migrated to Madinah and took initiative to establish an ideal society and state. Here all Muslims including Muhajir Ansar and other religions Jews Christians and people of other ideologies will live together in peace and safety. Peace and harmony will be maintained between them and they will be able to practice their religious activities freely. Madinah's security will be assured immediately. For this purpose, he executed a written agreement between all the communities. It is known as the constitution of Medina and is the first written constitution in the world. This charter had 47 clauses. For example:-

1. All communities will practice their religion independently. No one will interfere in religious matters.

2. All signatories of the charter would form a common nation and all would enjoy equal civil privileges.

3. If someone commits a crime, it will be considered his personal crime. The caste or sect will not be responsible for that.

4. Sinful actions like murder, bloodshed, adultery, etc. are prohibited. The city of Medina was declared holy.

5. No one can declare war against anyone without the prior permission of Hazrat Muhammad SAW.

6. If there is a dispute between the communities, the Holy Prophet will settle it. etc

The constitution of Madinah bears a fiery signature of political wisdom, diplomacy, foresight, religious violence and building a beautiful society of Prophet Muhammad. It guarantees religious freedom and the socio-economic rights of various castes.

Badr and other battles

The infidel polytheists of Makkah wanted to wipe out Islam and Muslims. They became envious of the post-Islamic developments in Medina. The Jews of Medina persuaded them. Again there were rumors that Abu Sufyan's trade caravan had been attacked by Muslims. The disbelievers set out to attack Medina. On receiving the news, 313 companions of the Prophet (PBUH) arrived at a place called Badr, about 80 miles southwest of Madinah. On the 17th of Ramadan 624 AD, the two sides faced each other in the Badr desert. The number of Quraish forces is one thousand. Weapons are plentiful. The number of Muslims is insignificant. There is not much weaponry. But they say faith and their genuine faith and trust in Allah. The fierce battle was won by the Muslim forces. In the Battle of Badr, 70 people were killed and 70 were captured, including the leaders Abu Jahl, Olid, Utba and Saiba. 14 people were martyred for Muslims. No one was arrested. The Prophet (PBUH) and the Muslims treated the prisoners of war generously and humanely. They used to feed the prisoners without eating themselves. They used to arrange transportation for the prisoners on foot. He made excellent arrangements for the release of the prisoner. Educated prisoners were set free to educate 10 illiterate Muslim boys and girls. This is part of the Prophet's efforts to spread education. A landmark event in the history of Islam. A large force of infidels was defeated by a small force of Muslims. This causes confusion in the minds of the infidels. Even after the miserable defeat of the Battle of Badr, the infidels did not give up. They launched repeated attacks against the Muslims in revenge. Among them, the battle of Uhud and Khandak was terrible. Although the Muslims were victorious in these battles, the Muslims suffered a lot due to a small mistake in the battle of Uhud. 70 companions accepted martyrdom. The holy tooth of the Holy Prophet was broken.

Treaty of Hudaybiya

In the 6th year of Hijri 628 AD, the Prophet (PBUH) traveled to Makkah with 1400 companions to perform Umrah and reached a place called Hudaibiyah nine miles from Makkah. The Quraish forbade the performance of Umrah. The Prophet said We did not come for war. I will just do Umrah and leave. But the Quraish did not agree to that either. Rasulullah Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam sent Uthman as a messenger to the people of Makkah. He was hailed as a martyr because of the delay in his return. The Prophet swore to avenge this killing from the Muslims. The infidels were frightened and returned to Uthman and Suhail sent a treaty proposal to Amr. The agreement is for 10 years. It is known as the Treaty of Hudaybiya. Among the terms of the treaty were:-

1. Muslims will go back without performing Umrah this year. Will come for three days next year.

2. If a Meccan takes refuge in Medina, he is obliged to return him to Mecca. But if someone comes from Madinah to Makkah, he will not be returned. Any Arab tribe can ally with anyone on either side. etc. Although the terms of this treaty seemed humiliating to the Muslims for the time being, they actually brought benefits. In this the infidels accepted the Muslims as a powerful independent nation. There is an opportunity to spread Islam abroad. People started accepting Islam in groups. It is called a public victory in the Qur'an.

Conquest of Mecca

The Quraish broke the treaty with their ally Banu Bakr Hudaybiyyah and attacked the Khuja tribe, an ally of the Muslims. They looted their goods and injured and killed many. They canceled the treaty without accepting the peace proposal of the Prophet. In the month of Ramadan of the eighth Hijri, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) traveled to Makkah with ten thousand companions. Suddenly seeing such a large Muslim army, Apara got scared and seeing the situation, Quraysh leader Abu Sufyan welcomed the Holy Prophet. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) conquered Makkah with almost no obstacles and absolutely no bloodshed.

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Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) forgives the people of Makkah

The people of Makkah brutally tortured the Holy Prophet and Muslims one day. He was determined to kill the Holy Prophet. Who was forced to leave his homeland Makkah. Madinah also did not allow him to live in peace. In that Makkah he appeared as a conqueror. He is now the sole ruler of Makkah and the people of Makkah are fighting against him in the guise of crime. The Holy Prophet asked, how do you expect me to behave? They said, "You can punish us today, but you are our kind brother and the son of our kind brother." We expect your kindness. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, I have no complaint against you today. Go you are free. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) forgave everyone. The leader pardoned Abu Sufyan. This Abu Sufyan led the infidels in the battle of Uhud. The Holy Prophet's tooth was martyred. And his beloved uncle Hazrat Hanzala was martyred. Abu Sufyan's wife Hinda chewed his liver out of revenge. He also forgave him. This is a wonderful example of forgiveness.

Farewell Hajj of Hazrat Muhammad SAW

The Holy Prophet expressed his desire to perform Hajj in Dashan Hijri. It was the last Hajj of his life. He did not get a chance to perform Hajj after that, so it is called Farewell Hajj. The Holy Prophet performed Hajj with millions of companions. At the Maidan of Arafat, Jabal Rahmat gave a moving speech to the crowd, known in Islamic history as the Farewell Hajj Speech. This wish the Holy Prophet (PBUH) spoke very valuable words to the assembled people. For example:-

1. All Muslims are brothers.

2. As this day, this place, and this month are holy, so is your life and honor to each other.

3. Will treat subordinates well. He will feed them what you eat. What you wear, wear them.

4. Do not punish others for the crime of one.

5. Debt must be paid. All types of usury are prohibited. All interest dues were canceled.

6. Men have the same rights as women. Likewise, women have rights over men. All the superstitions of the Jahili period and revenge for killings are abolished. Do not betray the trust. As long as you hold the two together, how long will you not go astray? He said many more precious words. Then the Holy Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, looked at the sky and said, "O Allah, I have been able to convey your message to the people properly." Witness, then immediately Allah Ta'ala sent to Prophet Muhammad through Jibraeel (Alaihis Salam) and said,

ٱلْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِى وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ ٱلْإِسْلَٰمَ دِينًا فَمَنِ ٱضْطُرَّ فِى مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لِّإِثْمٍ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

Translation:- Today I have perfected your religion for you, completed my contribution to you and chosen Islam as your religion. Therefore, the person who suffers from intense hunger; But if there is no inclination towards sin, surely Allah is Forgiving. (Surah Al-Maida, verse 3)

Death of Hazrat Muhammad SAW

After returning from the Farewell Hajj, the Holy Prophet fell ill. Finally, on the 12th Rabiul Awal of the eleventh year of Hijri, the greatest and last Messenger of Allah (PBUH) passed away. He was buried beside the Prophet in Madinah Sharif Mosque. Muslims around the world visit the fast of the Prophet with devotion.

Conclusion

The Holy Prophet was a man of good character. Forgiveness, generosity, patience, non-violence, honesty and truthfulness, kindness, charity, deeds, conduct, humanity and magnanimity are all virtues. He was a good role model for all people of all time. That is why Allah Ta'ala says, قد كان لكم في رسول الله اسوة حسنة means that there is a good example for you in the life of the Messenger of Allah. (Surah Ahzab, verse 21) Therefore, it is essential or necessary for us to follow the lifestyle of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

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